The project set out to understand better the intersections between homeland and international security and the implications of these connections for preparedness. For decades strategists endeavored to develop theories that helped policy makers safeguard vital national interest during Cold War. The post 9/11 world raises the specter of violent non-state actors able to inflict mass casualties even on the most powerful country in the world. Hurricane Katrina reminded us of the violence of nature that can also have a devastating impact on the nation. This project considered whether some national security concepts can help orient homeland security thinking to promote preparedness. The objective is to enhance the security of our society by being prepared to address a range of challenges. The project explored the applicability of "5Ds": deterrence, denial, dissuasion, defense and diplomacy. The goal was not to slavishly apply traditional concepts, but to seek a nugget of insight from each to help forge new, effective ways to support preparedness. In the immediate aftermath of 9/11 policymakers’ attention focused on securing the homeland; however, we suggest that shaping the international environment can enhance or detract from homeland security. International security concepts may provide ways to influence the international environment that makes preparedness more effective at home. ABOUT THE AUTHORS "Homeland Security and the Protection of Critical Energy Infrastructures: A European Perspective"
by Heiko Borchert and Karina Forster
"How Terrorism Ends: Implications for U.S. Homeland Security"
by Audrey Kurth Cronin "Creating a National Homeland Security Plan"
by Bruce Davis "The Case for a New Guard Operational Model"
by Lawrence J. Korb and Sean E. Duggan
"Deterrence and Homeland Security: A Defensive-Denial Strategy against Terrorists"
by James H. Lebovic
"Criminal and Terrorist Networks: Gaugung Interaction and the Resultant Impact on Counter-Terrorism"
by Tamara Makarenko
"The International Aspects of Societal Resilience: Framing the Issues"
by Sir David Omand "The Use of Economic Sanctions to Maintain International Peace and Security and Combat International Terrorism"
by Chantal de Jonge Oudraat
"The Politics of Terrorist Designation Lists"
by Chantal de Jonge Oudraat and Jean-Luc Marret
"Trade Security: Stovepipes In Motion"
by Robert Quartel
"Chemical Weapons Terrorism: Need for More Than the 5 D’s"
by Amy Sands and Jennifer Machado
"Reviving Deterrence"
by Jonathan Stevenson | 
